Axial piston pumps provide the smooth, responsive hydraulic power that drives mobile equipment. Variable displacement axial piston designs allow flow output to match demand for optimal efficiency. This adjustability makes them well-suited for operating hydraulic excavators, skid steers, cranes and other machineries. Below we look at the working principles, capabilities, and applications for this important hydraulic pump technology.
Introducing Axial Piston Variable Pumps
Axial piston variable displacement pumps use a swashplate to control flow output. Pistons arranged around a drive shaft drive fluid as they reciprocate and rotate. The swashplate angle tilts from neutral to maximum displacement as flow demands increase. This converts engine input into variable hydraulic flow and pressure to actuators. Compact and rugged, they achieve high efficiency and precise control.
Key Components and Operation
Main axial piston pump components include:
- Cylinder Block – Houses reciprocal pistons connected to drive shaft
- Swashplate – Tiltable plate that guides pistons as they stroke
- Valve Plate – Port plate where pistons intake and discharge oil
- Control System – Varies swashplate angle based on flow demands
As the bank of pistons rotate, they follow the swashplate angle, creating alternating intake and discharge strokes. More tilt and stroke equates to higher displaced flow.
Capabilities and Configurations
This enables stable hydraulic power across operating conditions. Axial piston pumps offer:
- Displacements from 10-500 cc/rev across a range of sizes
- Pressures up to 5,000 PSI depending on rating
- Continuous and peak flow outputs ideal for equipment hydraulics
- Precise flow control matched to operating requirements
- High mechanical and volumetric efficiencies
- Compact, lightweight package integration
- External or internal control options available
Typical Applications
Axial piston pumps are commonly used in:
- Excavators, cranes, loaders, dozers, graders and other heavy machineries
- Skid steer loaders requiring smooth multifunction hydraulics
- Industrial equipment using hydraulics for lifting, pressing, and clamping
- Marine propulsion systems including thrusters and winches
- Snowplows, aerial lifts and other municipal hydraulic equipment
Their precision controllability make axial piston pumps ideal power sources for demanding equipment hydraulics applications spanning construction, industrial, marine, agricultural, and transportation sectors.